Barrier Methods

Barrier methods work by keeping the man's sperm from reaching the woman's egg. Barrier methods tend to be less effective than other birth control methods and require attention and planning each time you have intercourse. Barrier methods are non-hormonal and reduce the risks for some sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Diaphragms and cervical caps. A diaphragm is a soft, rubber dome inserted into the vagina prior to intercourse to prevent sperm from reaching the cervix. A cervical cap is a latex or silicone dome that fits over the cervix. Each requires a prescription, is typically reusable, and must be used with a spermicide.

Condom. A condom is a shield made of latex, polyurethane, or natural membrane that blocks sperm from reaching the egg. You must plan for and use a condom each time you have sexual intercourse. The male version fits over the penis and the female version fits inside the vagina. Condoms do not require a prescriptions and are not reusable. Synthetic condoms are the only birth control method that protects you against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, as well as most STIs.

Vaginal sponge. A sponge is a disposable polyurethane foam that is pre-filled with spermicide. It works by acting as a barrier to absorb semen and kill sperm. Vaginal sponges are available without a prescription.
Spermicide. Spermicide is a foam, cream, jelly, film, or suppository that you insert into your vagina. It prevents pregnancy by forming a chemical barrier that either kills or inactivates the sperm. This method does not require a prescription and is most effective when combined with another barrier method.

This page was last reviewed Friday, November 19, 2010